Torij
90
Th
Skupina
n/a
Perioda
7
Blok
f
Protoni
Elektroni
Neutroni
90
90
142
Opća svojstva
Atomski broj
90
Relativna atomska masa
232,03806
Maseni broj
232
Kategorija
Aktinoidi
Boja
Srebrna
Radioaktivan
Da
Imenovan po Thoru, skandinavskom bogu rata
Kristalna struktura
Kubna plošno centrirana
Povijest
Thorium was discovered by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1828, in Stockholm, Sweden.
Thorium was first observed to be radioactive in 1898, independently, by Polish-French physicist Marie Curie and German chemist Gerhard Carl Schmidt.
The crystal bar process was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 to produce high-purity metallic thorium.
Thorium was first observed to be radioactive in 1898, independently, by Polish-French physicist Marie Curie and German chemist Gerhard Carl Schmidt.
The crystal bar process was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 to produce high-purity metallic thorium.
Elektrona po ljusci
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2
Elektronska konfiguracija
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Thorium fuel research is continuing in several countries including the USA and India
Fizikalna svojstva
Agregacijsko stanje
Čvrsto
Gustoća
11,7 g/cm3
Talište
2115,15 K | 1842 °C | 3347,6 °F
Vrelište
5061,15 K | 4788 °C | 8650,4 °F
Toplina taljenja
16 kJ/mol
Toplina isparavanja
530 kJ/mol
Specifični toplinski kapacitet
0,113 J/g·K
Zastupljenost u Zemljinoj kori
0,0006%
Zastupljenost u svemiru
4×10-8%
Izvor slike: Wikimedia Commons (NASA/ESA/JHU/R.Sankrit & W.Blair)
The Earth's thorium originated in the death throes of ancient stars
CAS broj
7440-29-1
PubChem CID broj
23960
Atomska svojstva
Atomski radijus
179 pm
Kovalentni radijus
206 pm
Elektronegativnost
1,3 (Paulingova ljestvica)
Potencijal ionizacije
6,3067 eV
Atomski volumen
19,9 cm3/mol
Toplinska vodljivost
0,54 W/cm·K
Stanja oksidacije
2, 3, 4
Primjene
Thorium is used to coat tungsten filaments in light bulbs.
It is also used in its oxide form in gas tungsten arc welding to increase the high-temperature strength of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability.
Thorium-magnesium alloys are used in the aerospace industry for aircraft engines.
It is also used in its oxide form in gas tungsten arc welding to increase the high-temperature strength of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability.
Thorium-magnesium alloys are used in the aerospace industry for aircraft engines.
Thorium is highly radioactive
Izotopi
Stabilni izotopi
232ThNestabilni izotopi
209Th, 210Th, 211Th, 212Th, 213Th, 214Th, 215Th, 216Th, 217Th, 218Th, 219Th, 220Th, 221Th, 222Th, 223Th, 224Th, 225Th, 226Th, 227Th, 228Th, 229Th, 230Th, 231Th, 233Th, 234Th, 235Th, 236Th, 237Th, 238Th