Gadolinij
64
Gd
Skupina
n/a
Perioda
6
Blok
f
Protoni
Elektroni
Neutroni
64
64
93
Opća svojstva
Atomski broj
64
Relativna atomska masa
157,25
Maseni broj
157
Kategorija
Lantanoidi
Boja
Srebrna
Radioaktivan
Ne
Od gadolinita, minerala imenovanom po Gadolinu, finskom kemičaru
Kristalna struktura
Jednostavna heksagonska
Povijest
Gadolinium was first detected spectroscopically in 1880 by the Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac who separated its oxide.
He observed spectroscopic lines due to gadolinium in samples of gadolinite and in the separate mineral cerite.
The metal was isolated by Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1886.
He observed spectroscopic lines due to gadolinium in samples of gadolinite and in the separate mineral cerite.
The metal was isolated by Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1886.
Elektrona po ljusci
2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2
Elektronska konfiguracija
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
Gadolinium has the highest neutron cross-section among any stable nuclides
Fizikalna svojstva
Agregacijsko stanje
Čvrsto
Gustoća
7,895 g/cm3
Talište
1585,15 K | 1312 °C | 2393,6 °F
Vrelište
3546,15 K | 3273 °C | 5923,4 °F
Toplina taljenja
10 kJ/mol
Toplina isparavanja
305 kJ/mol
Specifični toplinski kapacitet
0,236 J/g·K
Zastupljenost u Zemljinoj kori
0,00052%
Zastupljenost u svemiru
2×10-7%
CAS broj
7440-54-2
PubChem CID broj
23982
Atomska svojstva
Atomski radijus
180 pm
Kovalentni radijus
196 pm
Elektronegativnost
1,2 (Paulingova ljestvica)
Potencijal ionizacije
6,1501 eV
Atomski volumen
19,9 cm3/mol
Toplinska vodljivost
0,106 W/cm·K
Stanja oksidacije
1, 2, 3
Primjene
Gadolinium is used to make gadolinium yttrium garnets which have microwave applications.
It is also used in intravenous radiocontrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Gadolinium compounds are used for making green phosphors for color TV tubes, and in manufacturing compact discs.
It is also used in intravenous radiocontrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Gadolinium compounds are used for making green phosphors for color TV tubes, and in manufacturing compact discs.
Gadolinium is considered to be moderately toxic
Izotopi
Stabilni izotopi
154Gd, 155Gd, 156Gd, 157Gd, 158Gd, 160GdNestabilni izotopi
134Gd, 135Gd, 136Gd, 137Gd, 138Gd, 139Gd, 140Gd, 141Gd, 142Gd, 143Gd, 144Gd, 145Gd, 146Gd, 147Gd, 148Gd, 149Gd, 150Gd, 151Gd, 152Gd, 153Gd, 159Gd, 161Gd, 162Gd, 163Gd, 164Gd, 165Gd, 166Gd, 167Gd, 168Gd, 169Gd