Osmij
76
Os
Skupina
8
Perioda
6
Blok
d
Protoni
Elektroni
Neutroni
76
76
114
Opća svojstva
Atomski broj
76
Relativna atomska masa
190,23
Maseni broj
190
Kategorija
Prijelazni metali
Boja
Škriljasto siva
Radioaktivan
Ne
Od grčke riječi osme, miris
Kristalna struktura
Jednostavna heksagonska
Povijest
Osmium was discovered in 1803 by English chemist Smithson Tennant in London.
Chemists who studied platinum dissolved it in aqua regia to create soluble salts and observed a small amount of a dark, insoluble residue.
Smithson Tennant analyzed the insoluble residue and concluded that it must contain a new metal.
Chemists who studied platinum dissolved it in aqua regia to create soluble salts and observed a small amount of a dark, insoluble residue.
Smithson Tennant analyzed the insoluble residue and concluded that it must contain a new metal.
Elektrona po ljusci
2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2
Elektronska konfiguracija
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
Osmium is the least abundant stable element in the Earth's crust
Fizikalna svojstva
Agregacijsko stanje
Čvrsto
Gustoća
22,61 g/cm3
Talište
3306,15 K | 3033 °C | 5491,4 °F
Vrelište
5285,15 K | 5012 °C | 9053,6 °F
Toplina taljenja
31 kJ/mol
Toplina isparavanja
630 kJ/mol
Specifični toplinski kapacitet
0,13 J/g·K
Zastupljenost u Zemljinoj kori
1,8×10-7%
Zastupljenost u svemiru
3×10-7%
Izvor slike: Wikimedia Commons (Alchemist-hp)
Osmium crystals produced by chemical transport reaction in chlorine gas
CAS broj
7440-04-2
PubChem CID broj
23937
Atomska svojstva
Atomski radijus
135 pm
Kovalentni radijus
144 pm
Elektronegativnost
2,2 (Paulingova ljestvica)
Potencijal ionizacije
8,4382 eV
Atomski volumen
8,49 cm3/mol
Toplinska vodljivost
0,876 W/cm·K
Stanja oksidacije
-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Primjene
Osmium is used alloyed with other metals in the platinum group to produce very hard alloys.
Osmium alloys are used in the tips of fountain pens, instrument pivots, and electrical contacts
Osmium tetroxide has been used in fingerprint detection and in staining fatty tissue for optical and electron microscopy.
Osmium alloys are used in the tips of fountain pens, instrument pivots, and electrical contacts
Osmium tetroxide has been used in fingerprint detection and in staining fatty tissue for optical and electron microscopy.
Even low concentrations in air can cause lung congestion, skin damage, or eye damage
Izotopi
Stabilni izotopi
184Os, 187Os, 188Os, 189Os, 190Os, 192OsNestabilni izotopi
161Os, 162Os, 163Os, 164Os, 165Os, 166Os, 167Os, 168Os, 169Os, 170Os, 171Os, 172Os, 173Os, 174Os, 175Os, 176Os, 177Os, 178Os, 179Os, 180Os, 181Os, 182Os, 183Os, 185Os, 186Os, 191Os, 193Os, 194Os, 195Os, 196Os