Tulij
69
Tm
Skupina
n/a
Perioda
6
Blok
f
Protoni
Elektroni
Neutroni
69
69
100
Opća svojstva
Atomski broj
69
Relativna atomska masa
168,93421
Maseni broj
169
Kategorija
Lantanoidi
Boja
Srebrna
Radioaktivan
Ne
Imenovan po Thule, najstarijem nazivu za Skandinaviju
Kristalna struktura
Jednostavna heksagonska
Povijest
Thulium was discovered by Swedish chemist Per Teodor Cleve in 1879 by looking for impurities in the oxides of other rare earth elements.
The first researcher to obtain nearly pure thulium was Charles James, a British expatriate working on a large scale at New Hampshire College in Durham.
High-purity thulium oxide was first offered commercially in the late 1950s.
The first researcher to obtain nearly pure thulium was Charles James, a British expatriate working on a large scale at New Hampshire College in Durham.
High-purity thulium oxide was first offered commercially in the late 1950s.
Elektrona po ljusci
2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2
Elektronska konfiguracija
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Thulium ore occurs most commonly in China
Fizikalna svojstva
Agregacijsko stanje
Čvrsto
Gustoća
9,321 g/cm3
Talište
1818,15 K | 1545 °C | 2813 °F
Vrelište
2223,15 K | 1950 °C | 3542 °F
Toplina taljenja
16,8 kJ/mol
Toplina isparavanja
250 kJ/mol
Specifični toplinski kapacitet
0,16 J/g·K
Zastupljenost u Zemljinoj kori
0,000045%
Zastupljenost u svemiru
1×10-8%
CAS broj
7440-30-4
PubChem CID broj
23961
Atomska svojstva
Atomski radijus
176 pm
Kovalentni radijus
190 pm
Elektronegativnost
1,25 (Paulingova ljestvica)
Potencijal ionizacije
6,1843 eV
Atomski volumen
18,1 cm3/mol
Toplinska vodljivost
0,168 W/cm·K
Stanja oksidacije
2, 3
Primjene
Thulium is used to dope yttrium aluminum garnets used in lasers.
It has also been used in high-temperature superconductors similarly to yttrium.
Thulium has use in ferrites, ceramic magnetic materials that are used in microwave equipment.
Thulium is used in euro banknotes for its blue fluorescence under UV light to defeat counterfeiters.
It has also been used in high-temperature superconductors similarly to yttrium.
Thulium has use in ferrites, ceramic magnetic materials that are used in microwave equipment.
Thulium is used in euro banknotes for its blue fluorescence under UV light to defeat counterfeiters.
Thulium is considered to be non-toxic
Izotopi
Stabilni izotopi
169TmNestabilni izotopi
145Tm, 146Tm, 147Tm, 148Tm, 149Tm, 150Tm, 151Tm, 152Tm, 153Tm, 154Tm, 155Tm, 156Tm, 157Tm, 158Tm, 159Tm, 160Tm, 161Tm, 162Tm, 163Tm, 164Tm, 165Tm, 166Tm, 167Tm, 168Tm, 170Tm, 171Tm, 172Tm, 173Tm, 174Tm, 175Tm, 176Tm, 177Tm, 178Tm, 179Tm